Playing field

• A field used for outdoor team games.

Phleb - (Phlebo-)

• Prefix denoting a vein or veins.
• Example - Phlebectopia (abnormal position of)

Die

1. sing. of dice.
2. a device for cutting, or moulding metal or for stamping a design into coins or medals.
3. Phrases: The die is cast- an event has happened that cannot be changed.

Soleus

• A broad flat muscle in the calf of the leg, beneath the gastrocnemius muscle.
• The soleus flexes the foot, so that the toes point downwards.

Chop

• (Chops, chopping, chopped)
• In phr. chop and change
• Repeatedly change one's opinion or behaviour.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

• A condition, seen usually in premature babies as a result of respiratory distress syndrome, requiring prolonged treatment with oxygen beyond the age of 28 days.
• The babies have overexpanded lungs, which on X-rays show characteristic changes.
• Management consists of oxygen support and treating infections.
• Recovery is slow, sometimes over several years, but most babies do recover.

Upright

• Vertical; erect.
• Greater in height than breadth.
• Strictly honest or respectable.
• (of a piano) having vertical strings.

Heathen

• A person who does not belong to a widely held religion, as seen by those who do.
• Origin - old english

Hutchinson's teeth

• Narrow and notched permanent incisor teeth: a sign of congenital syphillis.
• [J.Hutchinson (1828-1913)British surgeon]

Central serous chorioretinopathy

• Shallow retinal detachment in the area of the macula due to the leakage through the retinal pigment epithelium (see retina) into the subretinal space.
• The cause is unknown.
• It affects young adult males, causing reduced or distorted vision that usually settles in a few months.

Mushroom

• The aerial fruiting (spore-producing) body of various fungi.
• Edible species include field mushrooms and cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus campestris and A. bisporus), the chanterelle (Cantherellus cibarius), and the parasol (lipiota procera).
• However, great care must be taken in identifying edible fungi.
• Many species are poisonous, especially the death cap and panther cap. (see Amanita)

hal-and-half

• in equal parts.

Preparedness

• (In Psychology) a quality of some stimuli that makes them much more likely to give rise to a pathological fear.
• For example, animals or high places are much more likely to become the subject of a phobia than are plants or clothes.
• One theory is that individuals are genetically predisposed to conditioning of fear to objects that have been a biological threat during the evolution of mankind.

Smasher

• a very attractive or impressive person or thing.

Sydenham's Chorea

• A form of chorea that mainly affects children and adolescents, especially females.
• It can occur some months after an infection caused by b-haemolytic streptococci (such as rheumatic fever or scarlet fever), causing uncontrolled movements of the shoulders, hips and face ( hence the archaic name, st vitus dance)
• Formerly a frightening disease, it is now readily cured by antibiootics.

Shrew

• A small mammal resembling a mouse, with a longpointed snout.
• A bad tempered woman.

Analogue Insulins

• A group of relatively new insulin medications with a very fast onset of action.
• All members of this group are manufactured forms of human insulin, having had slight alterations made to the original amino-acid sequence in order to allow faster absorption from the injection site.
• The main advantage of these insulins is that they can be injected immediately before eating.

Carburettor

• A device in an internal-combustion engine for mixingair with a fine spray of liquid fuel.

Communicable disease ( contagious disease, infectious disease)

• Any disease that can be transmitted from one person to another.
• This may occur by direct physical contact, by common handling of an object that has picked up infective microorganisms, through a disease carrier, or by spread of infective droplets coughed or exhaled into the air.
• The most dangerous communicable diseases are on the list of notifiable diseases.

Globule

A small round particle of a substance; a drop

Paralysis

• The loss of the ability to move part or most of the body.
• Inability to act or function

Kary (karyo-)

• A cell nucleus.

Busby

• A tall fur hat worn by certain military regiments.

Occlusal

(in dental anatomy) denoting or relating to the biting surface of a premolar or molar tooth.

Busybody

• an interfering or nosy person.

Radioopaque

• Having a property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, X-rays.
• Radiopacity increase with atomic weight.
• Radiopaque materials, such as those containing iodine or barium, are used as contrast medium in radiography.
• Metallic foreign bodies in tissues are also radiopaque and can be detected by radiography.
• Such heavy elements as lead and barium can be used in shielding to protect people from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.

Crackbrained

• Adj. informal
• Extremely foolish.

Tranexamic acid

• A drug that prevents the breakdown of blood clots in the circulation ( fibrinolysis) by blocking the activation of plasminogen to form plasmin, i.e it is an antifibrinolytic drug.
• It is administered by mouth as an antidote to overdosage by fibrinolytic drugs and to control severe bleeding, for example after surgery or to treat menorrhagia.
• Possible side effects include nausea and vomiting.

Overemphesize

Place too much emphasis on.

Autoimmunity

• A disorder of the body's defence mechanisms in which an immune response is generated against components or products of its own tissues, treating them as foreign material and attacking them.
• See autoimmune disease immunity.

Sure-footed

• unlikely to stumble or slip.
• confident and competent.

Death

• Absence of vital functions.
• Death is diagnosed by permanant cessation of the heartbeat.
• Brain death is defined as permanent functional death death of the centres in the brainstem that control breathing, heart rate, and other vital reflexes ( including puppilary responses ).
• Ususally two independent medical opinions are required before brain death is agreed, but organs such as kidneys may then legally be removed for transplantation surgry before the heart has stopped.

Breathing space

an opportunity to relax or decide what to do next.

Oesophagotomy

Surgical opening of the oesophagus (gullet) in order to inspect its interior of to remove or insert something.

Gnath- (gnatho-)

Prefix denoting the jaw.
Example - Gnathoplasty (plastic surgery of)

Locum tenens

• A doctor who stands in temporarily for a colleague who is absent or ill and looks after the patients in his practice.
• Often shortened to locum.

Gatekeeper

• An attendant at a gate

Open Secret

A supposed secret that is in fact known to many people.

Paradidymis

• The vestigial remains of part of the embryonic mesonephros that are found near the testis of the adult.
• Some of the mesonephric collecting tubules persist as the functional vasa efferentia but the rest degenerate almost completely.
• A smililar vestigial structure (a paroophoron) is found in females.

Stick

Agitation Stick

1. A thin piece of wood that has fallen or been cut off a tree.
2. A piece of trimmed wood used for support in walking or as a weapon.
3. ( In hockey, polo, etc.) a long, thin implement used to hit or direct the ball or puck.
4. A long, thin object; a stick of dynamite.
5. The threat of punishment as a means of persuation.

Origin - old english

Aconite

• The dried roots of the herbaceous plant Aconitum napellus (monkshood or wolbane), containing three analgesic substances: aconine, aconitine and picraconitine.
• Aconite was formerly used to prepare liniments for muscular pains and a tincture for toothache, but is regarded as too toxic for use today.

Scabicide

• A drug that kills the mites causing scabies.

Irresistible

• Too tempting or powerful to be resisted.

Velamen (velamentum)

• A covering membrane

Breslow thickness

• A. Breslow (1928-80), U.S.pathologist
• The distance (in millimetres) between the surface and the deepest extent of a malignant melanoma.
•  The measurement correlates with prognosis; tumours that are less than 0.76 mm thick have a good prognosis.

Frightful

1. a very unpleasent, serious, or shocking.
2. informal awful

Nutshell

• in phrase - in a nutshell
• in the fewest possible words.

Ductless gland ( Endocrine Gland)

• A gland that manufactures one or more hormone and secretes them directly into the blood stream ( and not through a duct to the exterior).
• Endocrine glands include the Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal glands, the Ovary and Testis, the Placenta, and part of the Pancreas

Holistic

Describing an approach to patient care in which the physical, mental, and social factor in the patient's condition are taken into account, rather than just the diagnosed disease. The term is applied to a range of orthodox and unorthodox methods of treatment.

Stature

1. A person's natural height when standing.
2. Importance or reputation

Big wheel

a Ferris wheel

Merozoite

• A stage in the life cycle of the malarial parasite (plasmodium).
• Many merozoites are formed during the asexual division of the schizont (see schiogony).
• The released merozoites may invade new red blood cells or new liver cells, and continue the asexual phase with the production or yet more merozoites, effectively spreading the infection.
• Alternatively, merozoites invade red blood cells and begin the sexual cycle with the formation of male and female sx cells (see microgametocyte, marcogametocyte)

Pian (Yaws)

A tropical infectious disease caused by the spirochaete Treponema pertenue in the skin and its underlying tissues.

•  Yaws occurs chiefly in conditions of poor hygiene.
• It is transmitted by direct contact with infected persons and their clothing and possibly also by flies of the genus Hippelates.
• The spirochaetes enter through abrasions on the skin. Initial symptoms include fever, pains, and itching, followed by the appearance of small tumours, each covered by a yellow crest of dried serum, on the hands, face, legs, and feet. These tumours may deteriorate into deep ulcers.
• The final stage of yaws, which may appear after an interval of several years, involves destructive and deforming lesions of the skin, bones, and periosteum.
• Yaws, which commonly affects children is prevalent in hot humid lowlands of equatorial Africa, tropical America, the Far East, and the West Indies.
•  It responds well to treatment with Antibiotics

Footman

a uniformed servant whose duties include admitting visitors and waiting at table.

Next

1.Coming immediately after the present one in time, space, or order.
2. (of a day of the week) nearest ( or the nearest but one) after the present.

Spicule

A small splinter of bone.

Acholia

Absence or deficiency of bile secretion or failiure of the bile to enter the alimentary canal ( for example, because of an obstructed bile duct ).

Spiny

Full of or covered with prickles.

Runway

A strip of hard ground where aircraft take off and land.

Encapsulated

adj.(of an organ, tumour, bacterium, etc.) enclosed in a Capsule.

Chem-(chemo)

Prefix denoting
chemical or chemistry.